What is nitrate?

Nitrate is a form of Nitrogen.  Ammonia entering the soil from animal or human wastes is converted to nitrate by bacteria.  Fertilizers, which contain Nitrogen, can also be changed into nitrate.

Nitrates may occur naturally in groundwater.  However, they are generally found where there have been various "activities" on the ground surface (farming, lawn fertilizers and septic systems). 

Can I tell if my water contains high levels of nitrate?

No.  Looking, tasting, or smelling the water can not identify nitrate contamination.  The only way to identify nitrate contamination is to have your water tested.

What are unsafe levels of nitrate in drinking water?

Levels at or above 10mg/1(PPM).

How does nitrate affect health?

Infants and young children who drink water containing high levels of nitrate can suffer from a condition known as Methemoglobinemia (baby blue syndrome).  This condition affects the blood's ability to absorb oxygen, resulting in bluish color.  Adults and older children are generally not affected, unless the levels of nitrate are extremely high.

Can nitrates cause cancer?

Nitrates have been shown to form N-nitrosamines, which have proven to cause cancer in test animals.  Cancers of the stomach and intestines are the main concerns.  Studies to date have not provided convincing evidence of an increased cancer risk.

What can be done with water that has an elevated nitrate level?

Water treatment can remove nitrates from the water/reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and distillation is effective in nitrate removal.  However, they may be expensive and require regular maintenance to remain effective.  Constructing a new well or correcting the source of the nitrate contamination, if possible, may be a better solution.